Using. ICT to process data analyze results and track student achievement.

ICT to process data

Data processing refers to the transformation raw data into meaningful output. Data can be done manually using a pen and paper, mechanically using simple devices is typewriter or electronically using modern data processing tools is computers.

Data collection involves getting the data/facts needed for processing from the point of its origin to the computer

Data Input- the collected data is converted into machine-readable form by an input device, and sends into the machine.

Processing is the transformation of the input data to a more meaningful form (information) in the CPU

Output is the production of the required information, which may be input in future.

Data processing methods

1. Manual Data Processing

In manual data processing, data is processed manually without using any machine or tool to get required results. In manual data processing, all the calculations and logical operations are performed manually on the data.

2. Mechanical Data Processing

In mechanical data processing method, data is processed by using different devices like typewriters, mechanical printers or other mechanical devices. This method of data processing is faster and more accurate than manual data processing. These are faster than the manual mode but still forms the early stages of data processing.

3. Electronic Data Processing

Electronic data processing or EDP is the modern technique to process data. The data is processed through computer; Data and set of instructions are given to the computer as input and the computer automatically processes the data according to the given set of instructions. The computer is also known as electronic data processing machine.

a. Batch Processing

Batch Processing is a method where the information to be organized is sorted into groups to allow for efficient and sequential processing. Online Processing is a method that utilizes Internet connections and equipment directly attached to a computer. It is used mainly for information recording and research. Real-Time Processing is a technique that has the ability to respond almost immediately to various signals in order to acquire and process information.

b. Online Processing

This is a method that utilizes Internet connections and equipment directly attached to a computer. This allows for the data stored in one place and being used at altogether different place. Cloud computing can be considered as a example which uses this type of processing. It is used mainly for information recording and research.

c. Real-Time Processing

This technique has the ability to respond almost immediately to various signals in order to acquire and process information. These involve high maintenance and upfront cost attributed to very advanced technology and computing power. Time saved is maximum in this case as the output is seen in real time. For example in banking transactions

Advantages

• Provides up-to-date information
• The information is readily available for instant decision-making
• Provides better services to users/customers.
• Fast &reliable
• Reduces circulation of hard copies.
• Stored information takes up less space
• Easier to update and modify
• Provides faster access and retrieval of data
• Reduces duplication of data or stored records
• Enhances data integrity (i.e. accuracy and completeness)

Disadvantages

• Require complex Os & are very expensive
• Not easy to develop
• Real time systems usually use 2 or more processors to share the workloads, which is expensive.
• Require large communication equipment.

ICT to analyze results and ICT to track student achievement.

ICT-based assessment is faster results. Many teachers use paper-based grade books and know it is a time-intensive task. A digital grade book automates several tasks, making analysis easier and more accurate.

Digital Grade Book in Excel

Create a digital grade book using spreadsheet software like Microsoft Excel to:

·         Calculate total points obtained by each student

·         Quickly turn points into percentages

·         Easily chart class and student progress over time

Data to Information

            Use a digital grade book to change the assessment experience for students and teacher.

Excel allows converting grade book data into meaningful information.

·             Calculate averages, extremes, and compare student performance.

·             Visually highlight students achieving above or below standard who need extended learning opportunities or remediation.

·             Quickly identify problems in test methodology.

Averages and Extremes

Use the whole class average to compare performance across multiple assessments. Calculating the average percentage achieved for each question can reveal the difficulty level of the question. Look at the highest and lowest score to see the true range of student performance, which the average score hides. Contrast averages and extremes to reveal more of the overall assessment picture and identify areas for intervention.

Conditional Formatting

Use conditional formatting to analyze assessment data and identify where to amend your teaching. For example, carrying out revision of troublesome topics, organizing more practice, or planning more differentiation.

•Perform deeper analysis

•Highlight trends

•Use visualized performance trends to enhance feedback to students

Advantages

·         Quick feedback on performance.

·         Useful for self-assessment.

·         Submitting the assessment from remote places.

·         Efficient use of staff time.

·         Linking the resources in different format.

·         Efficient way of delivering course materials.

·         Resources available at any time and from any location.

·         Encouraging independent and active learning.

·         Useful source of materials complementary to traditional ones.

Disadvantages

1. ·         Mostly limited to objective questions.
2. ·         Tend to test the knowledge, not understanding.
3. ·         Question of students’ authentication.
4. ·         Security issues

Online survey tool

Online surveys are a great way to engage your audience and get feedback from them. You can use online surveys in any number of ways, including to find out what topics your readers want to learn more about:

·         Get product feedback

·         Conduct market research

·         Get customer service feedback

·         Gauge employee satisfaction

·         Plus plenty of other uses!

Making an online survey is easy – there are many great online survey creators out there to help craft that super survey. Let’s take a look at your options. When it comes to online survey tools, choose between the free or paid route. just looking to do some light audience research, get on just fine with the free survey makers available online.

Some survey tools

• SoGoSurvey
• Survey Monkey
• Typeform
• Google Forms
• Client Heartbeat
• Zoho Survey
• Survey Gizmo
• Survey Planet

Advantages

Easy to build

Just drag-and-drop. Type some questions. Add a touch of design to match  survey makers brand. Then share survey makers survey. Easy peas.

Make it interactive

Your survey is just an empty shell without your personality. Make it even more interactive using icons, images, GIFs, and video.

Get more quality data

Surveys have never been more engaging. When survey makers put people first, you get more honest data. Watch surveyor responses soar.

Remarkable user experience

Survey fatigue is real—no need to bore people with needless questions. Instead, personalize the user journey with logic jumps. Skip to questions based on someone’s answers—just as you would in a real conversation.

Export data awesomely

Who wants to get bogged down with confusing graphs and charts? Type form’s reports are clear and concise. Gain quick insights, revise ambiguous questions, and make better informed decisions.

Clean reports and metrics

Need to send data to Google Sheets? No problem. Need to forward responses to Air table? Done. With hundreds of integrations, create workflows as unique as your fingerprints. Analyze data where you work best.

Survey monkey

Survey Monkey is an online survey development cloud-based software as a service company. It was founded in 1999 by Ryan Finley and Chris Finley. The company provides free, customizable surveys, as well as a suite of paid back-end programs that include data analysis, sample selection, bias elimination, and data representation tools. In addition to providing free and paid plans for individual users, Survey Monkey also offers more large-scale enterprise options for companies interested in data analysis, brand management, customer / employee feedback, and consumer-focused marketing. Survey Monkey has over 600,000 paying users in 190+ countries.

The company was named to the Forbes Unicorn List of start-up companies in 2015. Survey Monkey made the Forbes Cloud 100 and CNBC Disruptor List in 2016, 2017 & 2018. and has established Media Partnerships with NBC, CNBC, Common Sense, and Vanity Fair. The company went public in September 2018

Training check

Helps you evaluate your training, workshops, conferences and other learning activities

It's easy to:

·         Manage all your evaluations in one place

·         Collect feedback online or on paper

·         Track responses and schedule reminders

·         Create a range of powerful reports  

·         Get started for FREE

Formative and summative Evaluation

Formative and summative Evaluation

The resources in this section compare the two, complementary functions of evaluation. Formative evaluation is typically conducted during the development or improvement of a program or course. Summative evaluation involves making judgments about the efficacy of a program or course at its conclusion.

BASIS FOR COMPARISON	FORMATIVE evaluation	SUMMATIVE evaluation
Meaning	Formative evaluation refers to a variety of assessment procedures that provides the required information, to adjust teaching, during the learning process.	Summative evaluation is defined as a standard for evaluating learning of students.
Nature	Diagnostic	Evaluative
What is it?	It is an assessment for learning.	It is an assessment of learning.
Frequency	Monthly or quarterly	Term end
Aims at	Enhancing learning	Measuring student's competency.
Goal	Monitor student learning.	Evaluate student learning.
Weight of grades	Low	High

Formative evaluation

A set of formal and informal assessment methods undertaken by the teachers at the time of the learning process is known as Formative evaluation. It is a  part of the instructional process, which is undertaken by the teachers, with an objective of enhancing the student’s understanding and competency, by modifying teaching and learning methods.

Formative evaluation attempts to provide direct and detailed feedback to both teachers and students, regarding the performance and learning of the student. It is a continuous process, that observes student’s needs and progress, in the learning process.

Common formative assessments include:

• Quizzes
• Games
• Projects
• Presentations
• Group activities

Characteristics Formative Evaluation:

1. Formative evaluation is used during the teaching learning process to monitor the learning process.

2. Formative evaluation is developmental in nature. The aim of this evaluation is to improve student’s learning and teacher’s teaching.

3. Generally teacher made tests are used for this purpose.

4. The test items are prepared for limited content area.

5. It helps to know to what extent the instructional objectives has been achieved.

6. It provides feedback to the teacher to modify the methods and to prescribe remedial works.

7. Only few skills can be tested in this evaluation.

8. It is a continuous and regular process.

9. It considers evaluation as a process.

10. It answers to the question, whether the progress of the pupils in a unit is successful.

Summative evaluation

Summative Assessment refers to the evaluation of students; that focuses on the result. It is a part of the grading process which is given periodically to the participants, usually at the conclusion of the course, term or unit. The purpose is to check the knowledge of the students, i.e. to what extent they have learned the material, taught to them.

Summative Assessment, seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the course or program, checks the learning progress, etc. Scores, grades or percentage obtained to act as an indicator that shows the quality of the curriculum and forms a basis for rankings in schools.

Common summative assessments include:

• Tests
• Final exams
• Reports
• Papers
• End-of-class projects

Characteristics Summative Evaluation:

1. Summative evaluation is used after the course completion to assign the grades.

2. Summative evaluation is terminal in nature. Its purpose is to evaluate student’s achievement.

3. Generally standardized tests are used for the purpose.

4. The tests items are prepared from the whole content area.

5. It helps to judge the appropriateness of the instructional objectives.

6. It helps the teacher to know the effectiveness of the instructional procedure.

7. Large number of skills can be tested in this evaluation.

8. It is not regular and continuous process.